Ferdinand Of Castile (died 1211)

Ferdinand (1189 – 14 October 1211) was an ''infante'' (royal prince), the second son and heir apparent of Alfonso VIII of Castile by his wife, Eleanor of England. He died unmarried at the age of 22, a little less than three years before his father.

Alfonso's first will, drawn up in 1204, named Ferdinand as heir to the throne and named his mother as his regent during his minority. The chroniclers are unanimous in praising Ferdinand's strength, beauty, piety and crusading zeal.Vann, "Medieval Castilian Queenship", 139 n. 64. According to the ''Chronicon mundi'' of the historian Lucas de Tuy, he wanted to expel all the Jews from Spain.

Ferdinand was returning through the San Vicente mountains from a campaign against the Muslims when he contracted a fever at Madrid and died. His body was accompanied by his sister, Berengaria, to Burgos for burial in the monastery of Las Huelgas. Alfonso VIII was preparing for the great crusade against Las Navas de Tolosa when he learned of his son's death. According to ''De rebus Hispaniae'' by Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, the Archbishop of Toledo, who was an eyewitness, Alfonso wept with "inconsolable grief, for he saw himself in him ernandoas if he were the mirror of his life" (''luctus inconsolabilis genitori, quia in ipsum tanquam in uite speculum contemplabatur'').Bianchini, ''Queen's Hand'', 288–89 n. 104. According to the ''Chronicon mundi'', Alfonso VIII "received consolation from the multitude of gathering armies even though he was sick at heart from the death of isson".Bianchini, ''Queen's Hand'', 288 n. 103: ''rex autem Adefonsus licet esset pro morte tanti filii saucius, ex multitudine exercituum confluencium recepit consolationem''. The anonymous ''Chronica latina regum Castellae'', written towards the middle of the century, claims Queen Eleanor threw herself on Ferdinand's body, clasped his hands and, putting her mouth to his, "strove either to revive him or to die with him" (''nitebatur uel eum uiuificare uel cum eo mori'').

The king first action after his son's death was to make a grant to the Hospital del Rey y de la Reina on 28 November. In the charter he "devoutly commend dto the King of Kings the spirit of my dearest firstborn son, don Fernando, whom by the disposition of divine grace I could not have as heir to the throne of my kingdom." The next day, 29 November, he made an endowment to the house that held Ferdinand's remains, Las Huelgas, attributing the latter's death to divine clemency: "Whereas by the disposition of divine clemency I, Alfonso, by the grace of God king of Castile and Toledo, was not permitted to have our dearest son don Fernando (may his soul merit the enjoyment of eternal rest) as successor to our kingdom, so that he might acquire the celestial kingdom for himself. . ."

In 1212, one of the troubadours who frequented Alfonso's court, Giraut de Calanso, composed a poem, "Bel senher Dieus, quo pot esser sufritz", a verse lament, or ''planh'', to commemorate the death of Ferdinand (''Ferran'' in the Occitan of the poem). Never, he writes, "was such a prince seen or heard" (). Drawing on Ferdinand's English descent on his mother's side, he praises the ''infante'' as the equal of King Arthur and exceeding in virtues his own three famous uncles—Henry the Young King, Richard the Lionheart and Duke Geoffrey II of Brittany—the brothers of his mother, Eleanor:

In a subsequent list of countries in which Ferdinand will be mourned—"from the river Jordan" (''del flum Jordan'') as far as France, England, Germany, Saxony (''Samsuenha''), Spain and Aragon—Giraut is "reminding us ... how far the power and prestige of Castile and the networking sphere of Plantagenet power extend".

Notes

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Sources

*Bianchini, Janna. ''The Queen's Hand: Power and Authority in the Reign of Berenguela of Castile''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
*Chaytor, Henry John
''The Troubadours''
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912.
*Jewers, Caroline. "Another Arthur among the Troubadours". ''Tenso'' 24, 1 (2009): 20–46.
*Rucquoi, Adeline. "La royauté sous Alphonse VIII de Castille". ''Cahiers de linguistique hispanique médiévale'' 23 (2000): 215–41.
*Salvador Martínez, H. ''Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography''. Odile Cisneros, trans. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
*Vann, Theresa M. "The Theory and Practice of Medieval Castilian Queenship". ''Queens, Regents and Potentates'', Women of Power, I, ed. Theresa M. Vann. Cambridge: Academia, 1993.

1189 births
1211 deaths
People of the Reconquista
Castilian infantes
Sons of kings
Heirs apparent who never acceded